3. WBEM client library API¶

The WBEM client library API supports issuing WBEM operations to a WBEM server, using the CIM operations over HTTP (CIM-XML) protocol defined in the DMTF standards DSP0200 and DSP0201.

This chapter has the following sections:

WBEM operations - Class WBEMConnection is the main class of the WBEM client library API and is used to issue WBEM operations to a WBEM server.
CIM objects - Python classes for representing CIM objects (instances, classes, properties, etc.) that are used by the WBEM operations as input or output.
CIM data types - Python classes for representing values of CIM data types.
CIM status codes - CIM status codes returned by failing WBEM operations.
Exceptions - Exceptions specific to pywbem that may be raised.
Security considerations - Information about authentication types and certificates.

A number of these topics apply also to the other APIs of the pywbem package.

3.1. WBEM operations¶

Objects of the WBEMConnection class represent a connection to a WBEM server. All WBEM operations defined in DSP0200 can be issued across this connection. Each method of this class corresponds directly to a WBEM operation.

WBEMConnection method	Purpose
`EnumerateInstanceNames()`	Enumerate the instance paths of instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses).
`EnumerateInstances()`	Enumerate the instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses)
`GetInstance()`	Retrieve an instance
`ModifyInstance()`	Modify the property values of an instance
`CreateInstance()`	Create an instance
`DeleteInstance()`	Delete an instance
`AssociatorNames()`	Retrieve the instance paths of the instances (or classes) associated to a source instance (or source class)
`Associators()`	Retrieve the instances (or classes) associated to a source instance (or source class)
`ReferenceNames()`	Retrieve the instance paths of the association instances (or association classes) that reference a source instance (or source class)
`References()`	Retrieve the association instances (or association classes) that reference a source instance (or source class)
`InvokeMethod()`	Invoke a method on a target instance or on a target class
`ExecQuery()`	Execute a query in a namespace
`OpenEnumerateInstances()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve instances of of a class (including instances of its subclass)
`OpenAssociatorInstances()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve the instances associated to a source instance
`OpenReferenceInstances()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve the instances that reference a source instance
`PullInstancesWithPath()`	Continue enumeration session opened with OpenEnumerateInstances, OpenAssociatorInstances, or OpenReferenceinstances
`OpenEnumerateInstancePaths()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve instances of a class (including instances of its subclass)
`OpenAssociatorInstancePaths()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve the instances associated to a source instance
`OpenReferenceInstancePaths()`	Open enumeration session to retrieve the instances that reference a source instance
`PullInstancePaths()`	Continue enumeration session opened with OpenEnumerateInstancePaths, OpenAssociatorInstancePaths, or OpenReferenceInstancePaths
`OpenQueryInstances()`	Open query request to retrieve instances defined by the query parameter in a namespace
`PullInstances()`	Continue enumeration of enumeration session opened with OpenExecQuery
`CloseEnumeration()`	Close an enumeration session in process.
`EnumerateClassNames()`	Enumerate the names of subclasses of a class, or of the top-level classes in a namespace
`EnumerateClasses()`	Enumerate the subclasses of a class, or the top-level classes in a namespace
`GetClass()`	Retrieve a class
`ModifyClass()`	Modify a class
`CreateClass()`	Create a class
`DeleteClass()`	Delete a class
`EnumerateQualifiers()`	Enumerate qualifier declarations
`GetQualifier()`	Retrieve a qualifier declaration
`SetQualifier()`	Create or modify a qualifier declaration
`DeleteQualifier()`	Delete a qualifier declaration

NOTE: The method EnumerationCount is to be deprecated from the DMTF specs and has not been implemented by any servers so was not implemented in pywbem

3.1.1. WBEMConnection¶

class pywbem.WBEMConnection(url, creds=None, default_namespace='root/cimv2', x509=None, verify_callback=None, ca_certs=None, no_verification=False, timeout=None)[source]¶

A client’s connection to a WBEM server. This is the main class of the WBEM client library API.

The connection object knows a default CIM namespace, which is used when no namespace is specified on subsequent WBEM operations (that support specifying namespaces). Thus, the connection object can be used as a connection to multiple CIM namespaces on a WBEM server (when the namespace is specified on subsequent operations), or as a connection to only the default namespace (this allows omitting the namespace on subsequent operations).

As usual in HTTP, there is no persistent TCP connection; the connectedness provided by this class is only conceptual. That is, the creation of the connection object does not cause any interaction with the WBEM server, and each subsequent WBEM operation performs an independent, state-less HTTP/HTTPS request.

After creating a WBEMConnection object, various methods may be called on the object, which cause WBEM operations to be issued to the WBEM server. See WBEM operations for a list of these methods.

CIM elements such as instances or classes are represented as Python objects (see CIM objects). The caller does not need to know about the CIM-XML encoding of CIM elements and protocol payload that is used underneath (It should be possible to use a different WBEM protocol below this layer without disturbing any callers).

The connection remembers the XML of the last request and last reply if debugging is turned on via the debug attribute of the connection object. This may be useful in debugging: If a problem occurs, you can examine the last_request and last_reply attributes of the connection object. These are the prettified XML of request and response, respectively. The real request and response that are sent and received are available in the last_raw_request and last_raw_reply attributes of the connection object.

The methods of this class may raise the following exceptions:

Exceptions indicating processing errors:
- ConnectionError - A connection with the WBEM server could not be established or broke down.
- AuthError - Authentication failed with the WBEM server.
- HTTPError - HTTP error (bad status code) received from WBEM server.
- ParseError - The response from the WBEM server cannot be parsed (for example, invalid characters or UTF-8 sequences, ill-formed XML, or invalid CIM-XML).
- CIMError - The WBEM server returned an error response with a CIM status code.
- TimeoutError - The WBEM server did not respond in time and the client timed out.
Exceptions indicating programming errors:
- TypeError
- KeyError
- ValueError
- AttributeError
- ... possibly others ...
Exceptions indicating programming errors should not happen. If you think the reason such an exception is raised lies in pywbem, report a bug.

Variables:

.. – All parameters of the WBEMConnection constructor are set as public attribute with the same name.
debug (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether logging of the last request and last reply is enabled.

The initial value of this attribute is False. Debug logging can be enabled for future operations by setting this attribute to True.
last_request (unicode string) – CIM-XML data of the last request sent to the WBEM server on this connection, formatted as prettified XML. Prior to sending the very first request on this connection object, it is None.
last_raw_request (unicode string) – CIM-XML data of the last request sent to the WBEM server on this connection, formatted as it was sent. Prior to sending the very first request on this connection object, it is None.
last_reply (unicode string) – CIM-XML data of the last response received from the WBEM server on this connection, formatted as prettified XML. Prior to receiving the very first response on this connection object, it is None.
last_raw_reply (unicode string) – CIM-XML data of the last response received from the WBEM server on this connection, formatted as it was received. Prior to receiving the very first response on this connection object, it is None.
operation_recorder (BaseOperationRecorder) – This attribute provides for recording of the operations that are executed on this connection. Initially, this attribute is None. If None, no operations are recorded. If set to an object of a subclass of BaseOperationRecorder, each operation that is executed on this connection will be recorded by invoking its record() method.

Parameters:

url (string) –
URL of the WBEM server, in the format:

[{scheme}://]{host}[:{port}]

The following URL schemes are supported:
- https: Causes HTTPS to be used.
- http: Causes HTTP to be used.
The host can be specified in any of the usual formats:
- a short or fully qualified DNS hostname
- a literal (= dotted) IPv4 address
- a literal IPv6 address, formatted as defined in RFC3986 with the extensions for zone identifiers as defined in RFC6874, supporting - (minus) for the delimiter before the zone ID string, as an additional choice to %25.
If no port is specified in the URL, the default ports are:
- If HTTPS is used, port 5989.
- If HTTP is used, port 5988.
Examples for some URL formats:
- "https://10.11.12.13:6988": Use HTTPS to port 6988 on host 10.11.12.13
- "https://mysystem.acme.org": Use HTTPS to port 5989 on host mysystem.acme.org
- "10.11.12.13": Use HTTP to port 5988 on host 10.11.12.13
- "http://[2001:db8::1234]:15988": Use HTTP to port 15988 on host 2001:db8::1234
- "http://[::ffff.10.11.12.13]": Use HTTP to port 5988 on host ::ffff.10.11.12.13 (an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address)
- "http://[2001:db8::1234%25eth0]" or "http://[2001:db8::1234-eth0]": Use HTTP to port 5988 to host 2001:db8::1234 (a link-local IPv6 address) using zone identifier eth0
creds (tuple of userid, password) –
Credentials for HTTP authenticatiion with the WBEM server, as a tuple(userid, password), with:
- userid (string): Userid for authenticating with the WBEM server.
- password (string): Password for that userid.
If None, the client will not generate Authorization headers in the HTTP request. Otherwise, the client will generate an Authorization header using HTTP Basic Authentication.

See Authentication types for an overview.
default_namespace (string) –
Name of the CIM namespace to be used by default (if no namespace is specified for an operation).

Default: DEFAULT_NAMESPACE.
x509 (dict) –
X.509 client certificate and key file to be presented to the WBEM server during the TLS/SSL handshake.

This parameter is ignored when HTTP is used.

If None, no client certificate is presented to the server, resulting in 1-way authentication to be used.

Otherwise, the client certificate is presented to the server, resulting in 2-way authentication to be used. This parameter must be a dictionary containing the following two items:
- "cert_file" (string): The file path of a file containing an X.509 client certificate.
- "key_file" (string): The file path of a file containing the private key belonging to the public key that is part of the X.509 certificate file.
See Authentication types for an overview.
verify_callback (callable) –
Registers a callback function that will be called to verify the X.509 server certificate returned by the WBEM server during the TLS/SSL handshake, in addition to the validation already performed by the TLS/SSL support.

This parameter is ignored when HTTP is used.

Note that the validation performed by the TLS/SSL support already includes the usual validation, so that normally a callback function does not need to be used. See Verification of the X.509 server certificate for details.

Warning: This parameter is not used when the python environment is Python 3 because the ssl module does not support it.

If None, no such callback function will be registered.

The specified function will be called for the returned certificate, and for each of the certificates in its chain of trust.

See M2Crypto.SSL.Context.set_verify for details, as well as http://blog.san-ss.com.ar/2012/05/validating-ssl-certificate-in-python.html):

The callback function must take five parameters:
- the M2Crypto.SSL.Connection object that triggered the verification.
- an OpenSSL.crypto.X509 object representing the certificate to be validated (the returned certificate or one of the certificates in its chain of trust).
- an integer containing the error number (0 in case no error) of any validation error detected by M2Crypto. You can find their meaning in the OpenSSL documentation.
- an integer indicating the depth (=position) of the certificate to be validated (the one in the second parameter) in the chain of trust of the returned certificate. A value of 0 indicates that the returned certificate is currently validated; any other value indicates the distance of the currently validated certificate to the returned certificate in its chain of trust.
- an integer that indicates whether the validation of the certificate specified in the second parameter passed or did not pass the validation by M2Crypto. A value of 1 indicates a successful validation and 0 an unsuccessful one.
The callback function must return True if the verification passes and False otherwise.
ca_certs (string) –
Location of CA certificates (trusted certificates) for verifying the X.509 server certificate returned by the WBEM server.

This parameter is ignored when HTTP is used.

The parameter value is either the directory path of a directory prepared using the c_rehash tool included with OpenSSL, or the file path of a file in PEM format.

If None, default directory paths will be used to look up CA certificates (see DEFAULT_CA_CERT_PATHS).
no_verification (bool) –
Disables verification of the X.509 server certificate returned by the WBEM server during TLS/SSL handshake, and disables the invocation of a verification function specified in verify_callback.

If True, verification is disabled; otherwise, verification is enabled.

This parameter is ignored when HTTP is used.

Disabling the verification of the server certificate is insecure and should be avoided!
timeout (number) –
Timeout in seconds, for requests sent to the server. If the server did not respond within the timeout duration, the socket for the connection will be closed, causing a TimeoutError to be raised.

A value of None means there is no timeout.

A value of 0 means the timeout is very short, and does not really make any sense.

Note that not all situations can be handled within this timeout, so for some issues, operations may take longer before raising an exception.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short representation of the WBEMConnection object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a representation of the WBEMConnection object with all attributes (except for the password in the credentials) that is suitable for debugging.

imethodcall(methodname, namespace, response_params_rqd=None, **params)[source]¶

This is a low-level method that is used by the operation-specific methods of this class (e.g. EnumerateInstanceNames()). This method is not part of the external WBEM client library API; it is being included in the documentation only for tooling reasons.

Deprecated: Calling this function directly has been deprecated and will issue a DeprecationWarning. Users should call the operation-specific methods instead of this method.

methodcall(methodname, localobject, Params=None, **params)[source]¶

This is a low-level method that is used by the InvokeMethod() method of this class. This method is not part of the external WBEM client library API; it is being included in the documentation only for tooling reasons.

Deprecated: Calling this function directly has been deprecated and will issue a DeprecationWarning. Users should call InvokeMethod() instead of this method.

EnumerateInstanceNames(ClassName, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Enumerate the instance paths of instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses) in a namespace.

This method performs the EnumerateInstanceNames operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class to be enumerated (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of `CIMInstanceName` objects that are the enumerated instance paths, with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: None, indicating the WBEM server is unspecified.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

EnumerateInstances(ClassName, namespace=None, LocalOnly=None, DeepInheritance=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Enumerate the instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses) in a namespace.

This method performs the EnumerateInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class to be enumerated (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. LocalOnly (`bool`) – Controls the exclusion of inherited properties from the returned instances, as follows: If False, inherited properties are not excluded. If True, inherited properties are basically excluded, but the behavior may be WBEM server specific. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200 and should be set to False by the caller. DeepInheritance (`bool`) – Indicates that properties added by subclasses of the specified class are to be included in the returned instances, as follows: If False, properties added by subclasses are not included. If True, properties added by subclasses are included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. Note, the semantics of the DeepInheritance parameter in `EnumerateClasses()` and `EnumerateClassNames()` is different. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instance, as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property in the returned instances, as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of `CIMInstance` objects that are representations of the enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: None, indicating the WBEM server is unspecified.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenEnumerateInstancePaths(ClassName, namespace=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to enumerate the instance paths of instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses) in a namespace.

This method performs the OpenEnumerateInstancePaths operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns status on the enumeration session and optionally instance paths. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Use PullInstancePaths() request to retrieve the next set of instance paths or the CloseEnumeration() request to close the enumeration session early.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class to be enumerated (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its namespace attribute will be used as a default namespace as described for the namespace parameter, and its host attribute will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. Not all WBEM servers allow FilterQuery filtering for this operation (i.e. return the CIM_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED exception when filtering is specified) because the act of the server filtering requires that it generate instances and then discard them. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: paths (`list` of `CIMInstanceName`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instance paths, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenEnumerateInstances(ClassName, namespace=None, LocalOnly=None, DeepInheritance=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to get instances of a class (including instances of its subclasses).

This method performs the OpenEnumerateInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instances. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Use PullInstances() request to retrieve the next set of instance paths or the CloseEnumeration() request to close the enumeration session early.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class to be enumerated (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its namespace attribute will be used as a default namespace as described for the namespace parameter, and its host attribute will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. LocalOnly (`bool`) – Controls the exclusion of inherited properties from the returned instances, as follows: If False, inherited properties are not excluded. If True, inherited properties are basically excluded, but the behavior may be WBEM server specific. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200 and should be set to False by the caller. DeepInheritance (`bool`) – Indicates that properties added by subclasses of the specified class are to be included in the returned instances, as follows: If False, properties added by subclasses are not included. If True, properties added by subclasses are included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. Note, the semantics of the DeepInheritance parameter in `EnumerateClasses()` and `EnumerateClassNames()` is different. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instance, as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property in the returned instances, as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenReferenceInstancePaths(InstanceName, ResultClass=None, Role=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to retrieve the instance paths of the association instances that reference a source instance.

This method does not support retrieving classes.

This method performs the OpenReferenceInstancePaths operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instance paths. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Use PullInstances() request to retrieve the next set of instance paths or the CloseEnumeration() request to close the enumeration session early.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	InstanceName (`CIMInstanceName`) – The instance path of the source instance. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. Not all WBEM servers allow FilterQuery filtering for this operation because the act of the server filtering requires that it generate instances and then discard them. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: paths (`list` of `CIMInstanceName`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instance paths, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenReferenceInstances(InstanceName, ResultClass=None, Role=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to retrieve the association instances that reference a source instance.

This method does not support retrieving classes.

This method performs the OpenReferenceInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instances. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Use PullInstances() request to retrieve the next set of instance paths or the CloseEnumeration() request to close the enumeration session early.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	InstanceName (`CIMInstanceName`) – The instance path of the source instance. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property or method in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (or classes) (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenAssociatorInstancePaths(InstanceName, AssocClass=None, ResultClass=None, Role=None, ResultRole=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to retrieve the instance paths of the instances associated to a source instance.

This method does not support retrieving classes.

This method performs the OpenAssociatorInstancePaths operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instance paths. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Use PullInstancePaths() request to retrieve the next set of instance paths or the CloseEnumeration() request to close the enumeration session early.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	InstanceName (`CIMInstanceName`) – The instance path of the source instance. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. AssocClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an associated class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that associated class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultRole (string) – Role name (= property name) of the far end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that far role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. Not all WBEM servers allow FilterQuery filtering for this operation (i.e. return the CIM_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED exception when filtering is specified) because the act of the server filtering requires that it generate instances and then discard them. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: paths (`list` of `CIMInstanceName`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instance paths, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenAssociatorInstances(InstanceName, AssocClass=None, ResultClass=None, Role=None, ResultRole=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, FilterQueryLanguage=None, FilterQuery=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to retrieve the instances associated to a source instance.

This method does not support retrieving classes.

This method performs the OpenAssociatorInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instances. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

The subsequent operation after this open is successful and result.eos = False must be either the PullInstances() request or the CloseEnumeration() request.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	InstanceName (`CIMInstanceName`) – The instance path of the source instance. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. AssocClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an associated class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that associated class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultRole (string) – Role name (= property name) of the far end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that far role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property or method in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (or classes) (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included. FilterQueryLanguage (string) – A string defining the name of the query language used for the FilterQuery parameter. The DMTF defined language (FQL) (DSP0212) is specified as ‘DMTF:FQL’. FilterQuery (string) – A string defining the query that is to be sent to the WBEM server using the query language defined by the FilterQueryLanguage parameter. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

OpenQueryInstances(FilterQueryLanguage, FilterQuery, namespace=None, ReturnQueryResultClass=None, OperationTimeout=None, ContinueOnError=None, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Open an enumeration session to execute a query in a namespace.

This method performs the OpenQueryInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally CIM instances representing the query result. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

The subsequent operation after this open is successful and result.eos is False, must be either the PullInstances() request or the CloseEnumeration() request.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	FilterQueryLanguage (string) – Name of the query language used in the Query parameter, e.g. “DMTF:CQL” for CIM Query Language, and “WQL” for WBEM Query Language. “DMTF:FQL” is not a valid query language for this request. FilterQuery (string) – Query string in the query language specified in the QueryLanguage parameter. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used. ReturnQueryResultClass (`bool`) – Controls whether a class definition is returned. OperationTimeout (`Uint32`) – Minimum time in seconds the WBEM Server shall maintain an open enumeration session after a previous Open or Pull request is sent to the client. Once this timeout time has expired, the WBEM server may close the enumeration session. If not None, this parameter is sent to the WBEM server as the proposed timeout for the enumeration session. A value of 0 indicates that the server is expected to never time out. The server may reject the proposed value, causing a `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default timeout to be used. ContinueOnError (`bool`) – Indicates to the WBEM server to continue sending responses after an error response has been sent. If True, the server is to continue sending responses after sending an error response. Not all servers support continuation on error; a server that does not support it must send an error response if True was specified, causing `CIMError` to be raised with status code `CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. If False, the server is requested to close the enumeration after sending an error response. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server may return for this request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default behaviour to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is to return zero instances.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the initial set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is None, because query results are not addressable CIM instances. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: The inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session. query_result_class (`CIMClass`): If the ReturnQueryResultClass parameter is True, this tuple item contains a class definition that defines the properties of each row (instance) of the query result. Otherwise, None.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

PullInstancesWithPath(context, MaxObjectCount, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the next set of instances with path from an open enumeraton session defined by the enumeration_context parameter. The retrieved instances include their instance paths.

This method performs the PullInstancesWithPath operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instances. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	context (string) – Identifies the enumeration session, including its current enumeration state. This must be the value of the context item in the `namedtuple` object returned from the previous open or pull operation for this enumeration. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace to be used for this operation. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server shall return for this request. This parameter is required for each Pull request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the next set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

PullInstancePaths(context, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the next set of instance paths from an open enumeraton session defined by the enumeration_context parameter.

This method performs the PullInstancePaths operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instance paths. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	context (string) – Identifies the enumeration session, including its current enumeration state. This must be the value of the context item in the `namedtuple` object returned from the previous open or pull operation for this enumeration. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace to be used for this operation. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server shall return for this request. This parameter is required for each Pull request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: paths (`list of` `CIMInstanceName`): Representations of the next set of enumerated instance paths, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

PullInstances(context, MaxObjectCount=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the next set of instances from an open enumeraton session defined by the enumeration_context parameter.

This method performs the PullInstances operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns enumeration session status and optionally instances. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	context (string) – Identifies the enumeration session, including its current enumeration state. This must be the value of the context item in the `namedtuple` object returned from the previous open or pull operation for this enumeration. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace to be used for this operation. MaxObjectCount (`Uint32`) – Maximum number of instances the WBEM server shall return for this request. This parameter is required for each Pull request. If positive, the WBEM server is to return no more than the specified number of instances. If zero, the WBEM server is to return no instances. This may be used by a client to leave the handling of any returned instances to a loop of Pull operations.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `namedtuple` object containing the following named items: instances (`list` of `CIMInstance`): Representations of the next set of enumerated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is None, because this operation does not return instance paths. eos (`bool`): Indicates whether the enumeration session is exhausted after returning the initial set of enumerated instances. If True, the enumeration session is exhausted, and the server has closed the enumeration session. If False, the enumeration session is not exhausted. context (`tuple` of server_context, namespace): Identifies the opened enumeration session. The client must provide this value for subsequent operations on this enumeration session. The tuple items are: server_context (string): Enumeration context string returned by the server if the session is not exhausted, or None otherwise. This string is opaque for the client. namespace (string): Name of the CIM namespace that was used for this operation. NOTE: This inner tuple hides the need for a CIM namespace on subsequent operations in the enumeration session. CIM operations always require target namespace, but it never makes sense to specify a different one in subsequent operations on the same enumeration session.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

CloseEnumeration(context, **extra)[source]¶

The CloseEnumeration closes an open enumeration session, performing an early termination of an incomplete enumeration session.

This method performs the CloseEnumeration operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

This method should not used if the enumeration session has terminated and will result in an exception response.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, it raises an exception.

Parameters:

( (context) – term: string) The enumeration_context paramater must contain the Context value returned by the WBEM server with the response to the previous open or pull operation for this enumeration sequence.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

GetInstance(InstanceName, LocalOnly=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve an instance.

This method performs the GetInstance operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	InstanceName (`CIMInstanceName`) – The instance path of the instance to be retrieved. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. LocalOnly (`bool`) – Controls the exclusion of inherited properties from the returned instance, as follows: If False, inherited properties are not excluded. If True, inherited properties are basically excluded, but the behavior may be WBEM server specific. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200 and should be set to False by the caller. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instance, as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property in the returned instance, as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instance (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `CIMInstance` object that is a representation of the retrieved instance. Its path attribute is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: None, indicating the WBEM server is unspecified.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

ModifyInstance(ModifiedInstance, IncludeQualifiers=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Modify the property values of an instance.

This method performs the ModifyInstance operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

ModifiedInstance (CIMInstance) –
A representation of the modified instance, also indicating its instance path.

The path attribute of this object identifies the instance to be modified. Its keybindings attribute is required. If its namespace attribute is None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. Its host attribute will be ignored.

The classname attribute of the instance path and the classname attribute of the instance must specify the same class name.

The properties defined in this object specify the new property values for the instance to be modified. Missing properties (relative to the class declaration) and properties provided with a value of None will be set to NULL.

Typically, this object has been retrieved by other operations, such as GetInstance().
IncludeQualifiers (bool) –
Indicates that qualifiers are to be modified as specified in the ModifiedInstance parameter, as follows:
- If False, qualifiers not modified.
- If True, qualifiers are modified if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter.
- If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True.
This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers.
PropertyList (iterable of string) –
An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be modified (case independent).

An empty iterable indicates to modify no properties.

If None, all properties are modified.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

CreateInstance(NewInstance, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Create an instance in a namespace.

This method performs the CreateInstance operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

The creation class for the new instance is taken from the classname attribute of the NewInstance parameter.

The namespace for the new instance is taken from these sources, in decreasing order of priority:

namespace parameter of this method, if not None,

namespace in path attribute of the NewInstance parameter, if not None,

default namespace of the connection.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	NewInstance (`CIMInstance`) – A representation of the CIM instance to be created. The classname attribute of this object specifies the creation class for the new instance. Apart from utilizing its namespace, the path attribute is ignored. The properties attribute of this object specifies initial property values for the new CIM instance. Instance-level qualifiers have been deprecated in CIM, so any qualifier values specified using the qualifiers attribute of this object will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent).
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `CIMInstanceName` object that is the instance path of the new instance.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

DeleteInstance(InstanceName, **extra)[source]¶

Delete an instance.

This method performs the DeleteInstance operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

InstanceName (CIMInstanceName) – The instance path of the instance to be deleted. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

AssociatorNames(ObjectName, AssocClass=None, ResultClass=None, Role=None, ResultRole=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the instance paths of the instances associated to a source instance.

Retrieve the class paths of the classes associated to a source class.

This method performs the AssociatorNames operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ObjectName – The object path of the source object, as follows: For instance-level usage: The instance path of the source instance, as a `CIMInstanceName` object. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. For class-level usage: The class path of the source class, as a string or `CIMClassName` object: If specified as a string, the string is interpreted as a class name in the default namespace of the connection (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. AssocClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an associated class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that associated class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultRole (string) – Role name (= property name) of the far end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that far role. None means that no such filtering is peformed.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	The returned list of objects depend on the usage: For instance-level usage: A list of `CIMInstanceName` objects that are the instance paths of the associated instances, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. For class-level usage: A list of `CIMClassName` objects that are the class paths of the associated classes, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the class. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the class. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

Associators(ObjectName, AssocClass=None, ResultClass=None, Role=None, ResultRole=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the instances associated to a source instance.

Retrieve the classes associated to a source class.

This method performs the Associators operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ObjectName – The object path of the source object, as follows: For instance-level usage: The instance path of the source instance, as a `CIMInstanceName` object. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. For class-level usage: The class path of the source class, as a string or `CIMClassName` object: If specified as a string, the string is interpreted as a class name in the default namespace of the connection (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. AssocClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an associated class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that associated class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. ResultRole (string) – Role name (= property name) of the far end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals to that far role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property or method in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (or classes) (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	The returned list of objects depend on the usage: For instance-level usage: A list of `CIMInstance` objects that are representations of the associated instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. For class-level usage: A list of `tuple` of (classpath, class) objects that are representations of the associated classes. Each tuple represents one class and has these items: classpath (`CIMClassName`): The class path of the class, with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the class. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the class. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. class (`CIMClass`): The representation of the class.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

ReferenceNames(ObjectName, ResultClass=None, Role=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the instance paths of the association instances that reference a source instance.

Retrieve the class paths of the association classes that reference a source class.

This method performs the ReferenceNames operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ObjectName – The object path of the source object, as follows: For instance-level usage: The instance path of the source instance, as a `CIMInstanceName` object. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. For class-level usage: The class path of the source class, as a string or `CIMClassName` object: If specified as a string, the string is interpreted as a class name in the default namespace of the connection (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	The returned list of objects depend on the usage: For instance-level usage: A list of `CIMInstanceName` objects that are the instance paths of the referencing association instances, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. For class-level usage: A list of `CIMClassName` objects that are the class paths of the referencing association classes, with their attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the class. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the class. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

References(ObjectName, ResultClass=None, Role=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve the association instances that reference a source instance.

Retrieve the association classes that reference a source class.

This method performs the References operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ObjectName – The object path of the source object, as follows: For instance-level usage: The instance path of the source instance, as a `CIMInstanceName` object. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. For class-level usage: The class path of the source class, as a string or `CIMClassName` object: If specified as a string, the string is interpreted as a class name in the default namespace of the connection (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. ResultClass (string or `CIMClassName`) – Class name of an association class (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals of that association class (or subclasses). None means that no such filtering is peformed. Role (string) – Role name (= property name) of the source end (case independent), to filter the result to include only traversals from that source role. None means that no such filtering is peformed. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included if the WBEM server implements support for this parameter. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. This parameter has been deprecated in DSP0200. Clients cannot rely on it being implemented by WBEM servers. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property or method in the returned instances (or classes), as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned instances (or classes) (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	The returned list of objects depend on the usage: For instance-level usage: A list of `CIMInstance` objects that are representations of the referencing association instances. The path attribute of each `CIMInstance` object is a `CIMInstanceName` object with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the creation class of the instance. keybindings: Keybindings of the instance. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the instance. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. For class-level usage: A list of `tuple` of (classpath, class) objects that are representations of the referencing association classes. Each tuple represents one class and has these items: classpath (`CIMClassName`): The class path of the class, with its attributes set as follows: classname: Name of the class. namespace: Name of the CIM namespace containing the class. host: Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace, or None if the server did not return host information. class (`CIMClass`): The representation of the class.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

InvokeMethod(MethodName, ObjectName, Params=None, **params)[source]¶

Invoke a method on a target instance or on a target class.

The methods that can be invoked are static and non-static methods defined in a class (also known as extrinsic methods). Static methods can be invoked on instances and on classes. Non-static methods can be invoked only on instances.

This method performs the extrinsic method invocation operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Input parameters for the CIM method can be specified using the Params parameter, and using keyword parameters. The overall list of input parameters is formed from the list of parameters specified in Params (preserving its order), followed by the set of keyword parameters (in any order). There is no checking for duplicate parameter names.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	MethodName (string) – Name of the method to be invoked (case independent). ObjectName – The object path of the target object, as follows: For instance-level usage: The instance path of the target instance, as a `CIMInstanceName` object. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Its host attribute will be ignored. For class-level usage: The class path of the target class, as a string or `CIMClassName` object: If specified as a string, the string is interpreted as a class name in the default namespace of the connection (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If this object does not specify a namespace, the default namespace of the connection is used. Params (iterable of tuples of name,value) – An iterable of input parameters for the CIM method. Each iterated item represents a single input parameter for the CIM method and must be a `tuple(name, value)`, with these tuple items: name (string): Parameter name (case independent) value (CIM data type): Parameter value
	Each keyword parameter represents a single input parameter for the CIM method, with: key (string): Parameter name (case independent) value (CIM data type): Parameter value
Returns:	A `tuple` of (returnvalue, outparams), with these tuple items: returnvalue (CIM data type): Return value of the CIM method. outparams (NocaseDict): Dictionary with all provided output parameters of the CIM method, with: key (unicode string): Parameter name, preserving its lexical case value (CIM data type): Parameter value
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

ExecQuery(QueryLanguage, Query, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Execute a query in a namespace.

This method performs the ExecQuery operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	QueryLanguage (string) – Name of the query language used in the Query parameter, e.g. “DMTF:CQL” for CIM Query Language, and “WQL” for WBEM Query Language. Query (string) – Query string in the query language specified in the QueryLanguage parameter. namespace (string) – Name of the CIM namespace to be used (case independent). If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of `CIMInstance` objects that represents the query result. These instances have their path attribute set to identify their creation class and the target namespace of the query, but they are not addressable instances.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

EnumerateClassNames(namespace=None, ClassName=None, DeepInheritance=None, **extra)[source]¶

Enumerate the names of subclasses of a class, or of the top-level classes in a namespace.

This method performs the EnumerateClassNames operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	namespace (string) – Name of the namespace in which the class names are to be enumerated (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class whose subclasses are to be retrieved (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If None, the top-level classes in the namespace will be retrieved. DeepInheritance (`bool`) – Indicates that all (direct and indirect) subclasses of the specified class or of the top-level classes are to be included in the result, as follows: If False, only direct subclasses of the specified class or only top-level classes are included in the result. If True, all direct and indirect subclasses of the specified class or the top-level classes and all of their direct and indirect subclasses are included in the result. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. Note, the semantics of the DeepInheritance parameter in `EnumerateInstances()` is different.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of unicode string objects that are the class names of the enumerated classes.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

EnumerateClasses(namespace=None, ClassName=None, DeepInheritance=None, LocalOnly=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, **extra)[source]¶

Enumerate the subclasses of a class, or the top-level classes in a namespace.

This method performs the EnumerateClasses operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	namespace (string) – Name of the namespace in which the classes are to be enumerated (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class whose subclasses are to be retrieved (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. If None, the top-level classes in the namespace will be retrieved. DeepInheritance (`bool`) – Indicates that all (direct and indirect) subclasses of the specified class or of the top-level classes are to be included in the result, as follows: If False, only direct subclasses of the specified class or only top-level classes are included in the result. If True, all direct and indirect subclasses of the specified class or the top-level classes and all of their direct and indirect subclasses are included in the result. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. Note, the semantics of the DeepInheritance parameter in `EnumerateInstances()` is different. LocalOnly (`bool`) – Indicates that inherited properties, methods, and qualifiers are to be excluded from the returned classes, as follows. If False, inherited elements are not excluded. If True, inherited elements are excluded. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned classes, as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property and method in the returned classes, as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of `CIMClass` objects that are representations of the enumerated classes.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

GetClass(ClassName, namespace=None, LocalOnly=None, IncludeQualifiers=None, IncludeClassOrigin=None, PropertyList=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve a class.

This method performs the GetClass operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	ClassName (string or `CIMClassName`) – Name of the class to be retrieved (case independent). If specified as a `CIMClassName` object, its host attribute will be ignored. namespace (string) – Name of the namespace of the class to be retrieved (case independent). If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a `CIMClassName` object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used. LocalOnly (`bool`) – Indicates that inherited properties, methods, and qualifiers are to be excluded from the returned class, as follows. If False, inherited elements are not excluded. If True, inherited elements are excluded. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is True. IncludeQualifiers (`bool`) – Indicates that qualifiers are to be included in the returned class, as follows: If False, qualifiers are not included. If True, qualifiers are included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. IncludeClassOrigin (`bool`) – Indicates that class origin information is to be included on each property and method in the returned class, as follows: If False, class origin information is not included. If True, class origin information is included. If None, this parameter is not passed to the WBEM server, and causes the server-implemented default to be used. DSP0200 defines that the server-implemented default is False. PropertyList (iterable of string) – An iterable specifying the names of the properties to be included in the returned class (case independent). An empty iterable indicates to include no properties. If None, all properties are included.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `CIMClass` object that is a representation of the retrieved class.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

ModifyClass(ModifiedClass, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Modify a class in a namespace.

This method performs the ModifyClass operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

ModifiedClass (CIMClass) –
A representation of the modified class.

The properties, methods and qualifiers defined in this object specify what is to be modified.

Typically, this object has been retrieved by other operations, such as GetClass().
namespace (string) –
Name of the namespace in which the class is to be modified (case independent).

If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

CreateClass(NewClass, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Create a class in a namespace.

This method performs the CreateClass operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

NewClass (CIMClass) –
A representation of the class to be created.

The properties, methods and qualifiers defined in this object specify how the class is to be created.

Its path attribute is ignored.
namespace (string) –
Name of the namespace in which the class is to be created (case independent).

If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

DeleteClass(ClassName, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Delete a class.

This method performs the DeleteClass operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

ClassName (string or CIMClassName) – Name of the class to be deleted (case independent). If specified as a CIMClassName object, its host attribute will be ignored.
namespace (string) –
Name of the namespace of the class to be deleted (case independent).

If None, the namespace of the ClassName parameter will be used, if specified as a CIMClassName object. If that is also None, the default namespace of the connection will be used.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

EnumerateQualifiers(namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Enumerate qualifier declarations in a namespace.

This method performs the EnumerateQualifiers operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	namespace (string) – Name of the namespace in which the qualifier declarations are to be enumerated (case independent). If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A list of `CIMQualifierDeclaration` objects that are representations of the enumerated qualifier declarations.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

GetQualifier(QualifierName, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Retrieve a qualifier declaration in a namespace.

This method performs the GetQualifier operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Keyword Arguments:
Parameters:	QualifierName (string) – Name of the qualifier declaration to be retrieved (case independent). namespace (string) – Name of the namespace of the qualifier declaration (case independent). If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.
	extra – Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.
Returns:	A `CIMQualifierDeclaration` object that is a representation of the retrieved qualifier declaration.
Raises:	Exceptions described in `WBEMConnection`.

SetQualifier(QualifierDeclaration, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Create or modify a qualifier declaration in a namespace.

This method performs the SetQualifier operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

QualifierDeclaration (CIMQualifierDeclaration) – Representation of the qualifier declaration to be created or modified.
namespace (string) –
Name of the namespace in which the qualifier declaration is to be created or modified (case independent).

If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

DeleteQualifier(QualifierName, namespace=None, **extra)[source]¶

Delete a qualifier declaration in a namespace.

This method performs the DeleteQualifier operation (see DSP0200). See WBEM operations for a list of all methods performing such operations.

If the operation succeeds, this method returns. Otherwise, this method raises an exception.

Parameters:

QualifierName (string) – Name of the qualifier declaration to be deleted (case independent).
namespace (string) –
Name of the namespace in which the qualifier declaration is to be deleted (case independent).

If None, the default namespace of the connection object will be used.

Keyword Arguments:

extra –

Additional keyword arguments are passed as additional operation parameters to the WBEM server. Note that DSP0200 does not define any additional parameters for this operation.

Raises:

Exceptions described in WBEMConnection.

3.1.2. Operation recording¶

The WBEM client library API provides the possibility to record the WBEM operations that are executed on a connection. This is disabled by default and can be enabled by setting the operation_recorder instance variable of the WBEMConnection object to an operation recorder object, i.e. to an object of a subclass of BaseOperationRecorder.

Typical usage scenarios for operation recorders are the tracing of WBEM operations, or the generation of test cases.

Users can write their own operation recorder classes based upon the abstract base class BaseOperationRecorder.

The WBEM client library API provides the following operation recorder classes:

Class	Purpose
`TestClientRecorder`	Generate test cases for the test_client unit test module.

class pywbem.BaseOperationRecorder[source]¶

Abstract base class defining the interface to an operation recorder, that records the WBEM operations executed in a connection to a WBEM server.

An operation recorder can be registered by setting the operation_recorder instance attribute of the WBEMConnection object to an object of a subclass of this base class.

When an operation recorder is registered on a connection, each operation that is executed on the connection will cause the record() method of the operation recorder object to be called.

record(pywbem_args, pywbem_result, http_request, http_response)[source]¶

Function that is called to record a single WBEM operation, i.e. the invocation of a single WBEMConnection method.

Parameters:

pywbem_args (OpArgs) – The name and input arguments of the WBEMConnection method that is recorded.
pywbem_result (OpResult) – The result (return value or exception) of the WBEMConnection method that is recorded.
http_request (HttpRequest) –
The HTTP request sent by the WBEMConnection method that is recorded.

None, if no HTTP request had been sent (e.g. because an exception was raised before getting there).
http_response (HttpResponse) –
The HTTP response received by the WBEMConnection method that is recorded.

None, if no HTTP response had been received (e.g. because an exception was raised before getting there).

class pywbem.OpArgs[source]¶

A named tuple representing the name and input arguments of the invocation of a WBEMConnection method, with the following named fields and attributes:

Variables:	method (unicode string) – Name of the `WBEMConnection` method. args (`dict`) – Dictionary of input arguments (both positional and keyword-based).

class pywbem.OpResult[source]¶

A named tuple representing the result of the invocation of a WBEMConnection method, with the following named fields and attributes:

Variables:	ret (`object`) – Return value, if the method returned. None, if the method raised an exception. Note that None may be a legitimate return value, so the test for exceptions should be done based upon the `exc` variable. exc (`Exception`) – Exception object, if the method raised an exception. None, if the method returned.

class pywbem.HttpRequest[source]¶

A named tuple representing the HTTP request sent by the WBEM client, with the following named fields and attributes:

Variables:

version (number) – HTTP version from the request line (10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1).
url (unicode string) – URL of the WBEM server (e.g. ‘https://myserver.acme.com:15989‘).
target (unicode string) – Target URL segment as stated in request line (e.g. ‘/cimom’).
method (unicode string) – HTTP method as stated in the request line (e.g. “POST”).
headers (dict) –
A dictionary of all HTTP header fields:
- key (unicode string): Name of the header field
- value (unicode string): Value of the header field
payload (unicode string) – HTTP payload, i.e. the CIM-XML string.

class pywbem.HttpResponse[source]¶

A named tuple representing the HTTP response received by the WBEM client, with the following named fields and attributes:

Variables:

version (number) – HTTP version from the response line (10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1).
status (number) – HTTP status code from the response line (e.g. 200).
reason (unicode string) – HTTP reason phrase from the response line (e.g. “OK”).
headers (dict) –
A dictionary of all HTTP header fields:
- key (unicode string): Name of the header field
- value (unicode string): Value of the header field
payload (unicode string) – HTTP payload, i.e. the CIM-XML string.

class pywbem.TestClientRecorder(fp)[source]¶

An operation recorder that generates test cases for each recorded operation. The test cases are in the YAML format suitable for the test_client unit test module of the pywbem project.

Parameters:

fp (file):: An open file that each test case will be written to.

record(pywbem_args, pywbem_result, http_request, http_response)[source]¶

Function that records the invocation of a single WBEMConnection method, by appending a corresponding test case to the file.

Parameters: See pywbem.BaseOperationRecorder.record().

toyaml(obj)[source]¶: Convert any allowable input argument to or return value from an operation method to an object that is ready for serialization into test_client yaml format.

3.2. CIM objects¶

CIM objects are local representations of CIM instances, classes, properties, etc., as Python objects. They are used as input to and output from WBEM operations:

CIM object	Purpose
`CIMInstanceName`	Instance path of a CIM instance
`CIMInstance`	CIM instance
`CIMClassName`	Name of a CIM class, optionally with class path
`CIMClass`	CIM class
`CIMProperty`	CIM property, both as property value in a CIM instance and as property declaration in a CIM class
`CIMMethod`	CIM method declaration in a CIM class
`CIMParameter`	CIM parameter in a CIM method declaration in a CIM class
`CIMQualifier`	CIM qualifier value
`CIMQualifierDeclaration`	CIM qualifier type/declaration

3.2.1. NocaseDict¶

NocaseDict is a dictionary implementation with case-insensitive but case-preserving keys. It is used for sets of named CIM elements (e.g. CIM properties in an instance or class, or CIM parameters in a method).

Except for the case-insensitivity of its keys, it behaves like the built-in dict. Therefore, NocaseDict is not described in detail in this documentation.

Deprecated: In v0.9.0, support for comparing two NocaseDict instances with the >, >, <=, >= operators has been deprecated.

3.2.2. CIMInstanceName¶

class pywbem.CIMInstanceName(classname, keybindings=None, host=None, namespace=None)[source]¶

A CIM instance path (aka instance name).

A CIM instance path references a CIM instance in a namespace in a WBEM server. Namespace and WBEM server may be unspecified.

This object can be used like a dictionary of the keybindings of the instance path, with the names of the keybindings (= key properties) as dictionary keys, and their property values as dictionary values.

Variables:

classname (unicode string) –
Name of the creation class of the referenced instance.

This variable will never be None.
keybindings (NocaseDict) –
Keybindings of the instance path (the key property values of the referenced instance).

Each dictionary item specifies one key property value, with:
- key (string): Key property name
- value (CIM data type): Key property value
This variable will never be None.
namespace (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM namespace containing the referenced instance.

None means that the namespace is unspecified.
host (unicode string) –
Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace of the referenced instance, in the format:

host[:port]

The host can be specified in any of the usual formats:
- a short or fully qualified DNS hostname
- a literal (= dotted) IPv4 address
- a literal IPv6 address, formatted as defined in RFC3986 with the extensions for zone identifiers as defined in RFC6874, supporting - (minus) for the delimiter before the zone ID string, as an additional choice to %25.
If no port is specified, the default port depends on the context in which the object is used.

None means that the WBEM server is unspecified.

Parameters:

classname (string) –
Name of the creation class of the referenced instance.

Must not be None.
keybindings (dict or NocaseDict) –
Keybindings for the instance path (the key property values of the referenced instance).

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
host (string) –
Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace of the referenced instance.

For details about the string format, see the corresponding instance variable.

None means that the WBEM server is unspecified.
namespace (string) –
Name of the CIM namespace containing the referenced instance.

None means that the namespace is unspecified.

__str__()[source]¶

Return the untyped WBEM URI of the CIM instance path represented by the CIMInstanceName object.

The returned WBEM URI is consistent with DSP0207.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMInstanceName object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMInstanceName object.

update(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Add the positional arguments and keyword arguments to the keybindings, updating the values of those that already exist.

has_key(key)[source]¶: Return a boolean indicating whether the instance path has a keybinding with name key.

get(key, default=None)[source]¶: Return the value of the keybinding with name key, or a default value if a keybinding with that name does not exist.

keys()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the keybinding names (in their original lexical case).

values()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the keybinding values.

items()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the keybindings, where each item is a tuple of its keybinding name (in the original lexical case) and its value.

iterkeys()[source]¶: Iterate through the keybinding names (in their original lexical case).i

itervalues()[source]¶: Iterate through the keybinding values.

iteritems()[source]¶: Iterate through the keybindings, where each item is a tuple of the keybinding name (in the original lexical case) and the keybinding value.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMInstanceName object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMInstanceName object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the value, as a unicode string.

3.2.3. CIMInstance¶

class pywbem.CIMInstance(classname, properties=None, qualifiers=None, path=None, property_list=None)[source]¶

A CIM instance, optionally including its instance path.

This object can be used like a dictionary of its properties, with the names of the properties as dictionary keys, and their values as dictionary values.

Variables:

classname (unicode string) –
Name of the creation class of the instance.

This variable will never be None.
properties (NocaseDict) –
Properties for the instance.

Each dictionary item specifies one property value, with:
- key (string): Property name
- value (CIMProperty): Property value
This variable will never be None.
qualifiers (NocaseDict) –
Qualifiers for the instance.

Each dictionary item specifies one qualifier value, with:
- key (string): Qualifier name
- value (CIMQualifier): Qualifier value
Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances.

This variable will never be None.
path (CIMInstanceName) –
Instance path of the instance.

None means that the instance path is unspecified.
property_list (list of unicode string) –
List of property names for use as a filter by some operations on the instance.

None means that the properties are not filtered.

Parameters:

classname (string) – Name of the creation class of the instance. Must not be None.
properties (dict or NocaseDict) –
Properties for the instance.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
qualifiers (dict or NocaseDict) –
Qualifiers for the instance.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.

Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances.
path (CIMInstanceName) –
Instance path for the instance.

None means that the instance path is unspecified.
property_list (iterable of string) –
List of property names for use as a filter by some operations on the instance.

None means that the properties are not filtered.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMInstance object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMInstance object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return copy of the CIMInstance object.

update(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Add the positional arguments and keyword arguments to the properties, updating the values of those that already exist.

update_existing(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶: Update the values of already existing properties from the positional arguments and keyword arguments.

has_key(key)[source]¶: Return a boolean indicating whether the instance has a property with name key.

get(key, default=None)[source]¶: Return the value of the property with name key, or a default value if a property with that name does not exist.

keys()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the property names (in their original lexical case).

values()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the property values.

items()[source]¶: Return a copied list of the properties, where each item is a tuple of the property name (in the original lexical case) and the property value.

iterkeys()[source]¶: Iterate through the property names (in their original lexical case).

itervalues()[source]¶: Iterate through the property values.

iteritems()[source]¶: Iterate through the property names (in their original lexical case).

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMInstance object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMInstance object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof(indent=0)[source]¶

Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the instance specification represented by the CIMInstance object.

Parameters:	indent (integer) – Number of spaces the initial line of the output is indented.

3.2.4. CIMClassName¶

class pywbem.CIMClassName(classname, host=None, namespace=None)[source]¶

A CIM class path.

A CIM class path references a CIM class in a namespace in a WBEM server. Namespace and WBEM server may be unspecified.

Variables:

classname (unicode string) –
Name of the referenced class.

This variable will never be None.
namespace (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM namespace containing the referenced class.

None means that the namespace is unspecified.
host (unicode string) –
Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace of the referenced class, in the format:

host[:port]

The host can be specified in any of the usual formats:
- a short or fully qualified DNS hostname
- a literal (= dotted) IPv4 address
- a literal IPv6 address, formatted as defined in RFC3986 with the extensions for zone identifiers as defined in RFC6874, supporting - (minus) for the delimiter before the zone ID string, as an additional choice to %25.
If no port is specified, the default port depends on the context in which the object is used.

None means that the WBEM server is unspecified.

Parameters:

classname (string) –
Name of the referenced class.

Must not be None.
host (string) –
Host and optionally port of the WBEM server containing the CIM namespace of the referenced class.

For details about the string format, see the corresponding instance variable.

None means that the WBEM server is unspecified.
namespace (string) –
Name of the CIM namespace containing the referenced class.

None means that the namespace is unspecified.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy the CIMClassName object.

__str__()[source]¶

Return the untyped WBEM URI of the CIM class path represented by the CIMClassName object.

The returned WBEM URI is consistent with DSP0207.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMClassName object that is suitable for debugging.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMClassName object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMClassName object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

3.2.5. CIMClass¶

class pywbem.CIMClass(classname, properties=None, methods=None, superclass=None, qualifiers=None)[source]¶

A CIM class.

Variables:

classname (unicode string) –
Name of the class.

This variable will never be None.
superclass (unicode string) –
Name of the superclass of the class.

None means that the class is a top-level class.
properties (NocaseDict) –
Property declarations of the class.

Each dictionary item specifies one property declaration, with:
- key (string): Property name
- value (CIMProperty): Property declaration
This variable will never be None.
methods (NocaseDict) –
Method declarations of the class.

Each dictionary item specifies one method declaration, with:
- key (string): Nethod name
- value (CIMMethod): Method declaration
This variable will never be None.
qualifiers (NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values of the class.

Each dictionary item specifies one qualifier value, with:
- key (string): Qualifier name
- value (CIMQualifier): Qualifier value
This variable will never be None.

Parameters:

classname (string) –
Name for the class.

Must not be None.
properties (dict or NocaseDict) –
Property declarations for the class.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
methods (dict or NocaseDict) –
Method declarations for the class.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
superclass (string) –
Name of the superclass for the class.

If None, the class will be a top-level class.
qualifiers (dict or NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values for the class.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

If None, the class will have no qualifiers.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMClass object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMClass object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMClass object.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMClass object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMClass object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof()[source]¶: Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the class definition represented by the CIMClass object.

3.2.6. CIMProperty¶

class pywbem.CIMProperty(name, value, type=None, class_origin=None, array_size=None, propagated=None, is_array=None, reference_class=None, qualifiers=None, embedded_object=None)[source]¶

A CIM property.

This object can be used in a CIMInstance object for representing a property value, or in a CIMClass object for representing a property declaration.

For property values in CIM instances:

The value attribute is the actual value of the property.

Qualifiers are not allowed.

For property declarations in CIM classes:

The value attribute is the default value of the property declaration.

Qualifiers are allowed.

Scalar (=non-array) properties may have a value of NULL (= None), any primitive CIM data type, reference type, and string type with embedded instance or embedded object.

Array properties may be Null or may have elements with a value of NULL, any primitive CIM data type, and string type with embedded instance or embedded object. Reference types are not allowed in property arrays in CIM, as per DSP0004.

Variables:

name (unicode string) –
Name of the property.

This variable will never be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Value of the property (interpreted as actual value when representing a property value, and as default value for property declarations).

None means that the value is Null.

For CIM data types string and char16, this attribute will be a unicode string, even when specified as a byte string in the constructor.
type (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the property (e.g. "uint8").

This variable will never be None.
reference_class (unicode string) –
The name of the referenced class, for reference properties.

None, for non-reference properties.
embedded_object (unicode string) –
A string value indicating the kind of embedded object represented by the property value.

The following values are defined for this parameter:
- "instance": The property is declared with the EmbeddedInstance qualifier, indicating that the property value is an embedded instance of the class specified as the value of the EmbeddedInstance qualifier. The property value must be a CIMInstance object, or None.
- "object": The property is declared with the EmbeddedObject qualifier, indicating that the property value is an embedded object (instance or class) of which the class name is not known. The property value must be a CIMInstance or CIMClass object, or None.
- None, for properties not representing embedded objects.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the property is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

This variable will never be None.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array property, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array property has variable size, or that it is not an array.
class_origin (unicode string) –
The CIM class origin of the property (the name of the most derived class that defines or overrides the property in the class hierarchy of the class owning the property).

None means that class origin information is not available.
propagated (bool) –
If not None, indicates whether the property declaration has been propagated from a superclass to this class, or the property value has been propagated from the creation class to this instance (the latter is not really used).

None means that propagation information is not available.
qualifiers (NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values for the property declaration.

Each dictionary item specifies one qualifier value, with:
- key (string): Qualifier name
- value (CIMQualifier): Qualifier value
This variable will never be None.

The constructor infers optional parameters that are not specified (for example, it infers type from the Python type of value and other information). If the specified parameters are inconsistent, an exception is raised. If an optional parameter is needed for some reason, an exception is raised.

Parameters:

name (string) –
Name of the property.

Must not be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Value of the property (interpreted as actual value when representing a property value, and as default value for property declarations).

None means that the property is Null.
type (string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the property (e.g. "uint8").

None means that the parameter is unspecified, causing the corresponding attribute to be inferred. An exception is raised if it cannot be inferred.
class_origin (string) –
The CIM class origin of the property (the name of the most derived class that defines or overrides the property in the class hierarchy of the class owning the property).

None means that class origin information is not available.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array property, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array property has variable size.
propagated (bool) –
If not None, indicates whether the property declaration has been propagated from a superclass to this class, or the property value has been propagated from the creation class to this instance (the latter is not really used).

None means that propagation information is not available.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the property is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

None means that the parameter is unspecified, causing the corresponding attribute to be inferred from the value parameter, and if that is None it defaults to False (scalar).
reference_class (string) –
The name of the referenced class, for reference properties.

None means that the parameter is unspecified, causing the corresponding attribute to be inferred. An exception is raised if it cannot be inferred.
qualifiers (dict or NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values for the property declaration.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
embedded_object (string) –
A string value indicating the kind of embedded object represented by the property value. Has no meaning for property declarations.

For details about the possible values, see the corresponding attribute.

In addition, None means that the value is unspecified, causing the corresponding attribute to be inferred. An exception is raised if it cannot be inferred.

Examples:

# a string property:
CIMProperty("MyString", "abc")

# a uint8 property:
CIMProperty("MyNum", 42, "uint8")

# a uint8 property:
CIMProperty("MyNum", Uint8(42))

# a uint8 array property:
CIMProperty("MyNumArray", [1,2,3], "uint8")

# a reference property:
CIMProperty("MyRef", CIMInstanceName(...))

# an embedded object property containing a class:
CIMProperty("MyEmbObj", CIMClass(...))

# an embedded object property containing an instance:
CIMProperty("MyEmbObj", CIMInstance(...), embedded_object="object")

# an embedded instance property:
CIMProperty("MyEmbInst", CIMInstance(...))

# a string property that is Null:
CIMProperty("MyString", None, "string")

# a uint8 property that is Null:
CIMProperty("MyNum", None, "uint8")

# a reference property that is Null:
CIMProperty("MyRef", None, reference_class="MyClass")

# an embedded object property that is Null:
CIMProperty("MyEmbObj", None, embedded_object="object")

# an embedded instance property that is Null:
CIMProperty("MyEmbInst", None, embedded_object="instance")

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMProperty object.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMProperty object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMProperty object that is suitable for debugging.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMProperty object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMProperty object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof(is_instance=True, indent=0)[source]¶

Return a string representing the MOF definition of a single property.

Parameters:	is_instance (bool) – If True, format as instance MOF. Else, format as class MOF. indent (integer) – Number of spaces to indent the initial line of the generated MOF.

3.2.7. CIMMethod¶

class pywbem.CIMMethod(name=None, return_type=None, parameters=None, class_origin=None, propagated=False, qualifiers=None, methodname=None)[source]¶

A method declaration in a CIM class.

Variables:

name (unicode string) –
Name of the method.

This variable will never be None.
return_type (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the method return type (e.g. "uint32").

This variable will never be None. Note that void return types of methods are not supported in CIM.
class_origin (unicode string) –
The CIM class origin of the method (the name of the most derived class that defines or overrides the method in the class hierarchy of the class owning the method).

None means that class origin information is not available.
propagated (bool) –
If not None, indicates whether the method has been propagated from a superclass to this class.

None means that propagation information is not available.
parameters (NocaseDict) –
Parameter declarations for the method declaration.

Each dictionary item specifies one parameter declaration, with:
- key (string): Parameter name
- value (CIMParameter): Parameter declaration
This variable will never be None.
qualifiers (NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values for the method declaration.

Each dictionary item specifies one qualifier value, with:
- key (string): Qualifier name
- value (CIMQualifier): Qualifier value
This variable will never be None.

The constructor stores the input parameters as-is and does not infer unspecified parameters from the others (like CIMProperty does).

Parameters:

name (string) –
Name of the method (just the method name, without class name or parenthesis).

Must not be None.

Deprecated: This argument has been named methodname before v0.9.0. Using methodname as a named argument still works, but has been deprecated in v0.9.0.
return_type (string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the method return type (e.g. "uint32").

Must not be None
parameters (dict or NocaseDict) –
Parameter declarations for the method declaration.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

If None, the method will have no parameters, and the dictionary will be empty.
class_origin (string) –
The CIM class origin of the method (the name of the most derived class that defines or overrides the method in the class hierarchy of the class owning the method).

None means that class origin information is not available.
propagated (bool) –
If not None, indicates whether the method has been propagated from a superclass to this class.

None means that propagation information is not available.
qualifiers (dict or NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values for the method declaration.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMMethod object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMMethod object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMMethod object.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMMethod object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMMethod object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof(indent)[source]¶: Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the method definition represented by the CIMMethod object.

3.2.8. CIMParameter¶

class pywbem.CIMParameter(name, type, reference_class=None, is_array=None, array_size=None, qualifiers=None, value=None)[source]¶

A CIM parameter for a method declaration.

Variables:

name (unicode string) –
Name of the parameter.

This variable will never be None.
type (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the parameter (e.g. "uint8").

This variable will never be None.
reference_class (unicode string) –
The name of the referenced class, for reference parameters.

None, for non-reference parameters.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the parameter is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

This variable will never be None.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array parameter, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array parameter has variable size, or that it is not an array.
qualifiers (NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values of the parameter declaration.

Each dictionary item specifies one qualifier value, with:
- key (string): Qualifier name
- value (CIMQualifier): Qualifier value
This variable will never be None.
value – Deprecated: Because the object represents a parameter declaration, this attribute does not make any sense. Accessing it will issue a DeprecationWarning.

The constructor stores the input parameters as-is and does not infer unspecified parameters from the others (like CIMProperty does).

Parameters:

name (string) –
Name of the parameter.

Must not be None.
type (string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the parameter (e.g. "uint8").

Must not be None.
reference_class (string) –
Name of the referenced class, for reference parameters.

None is stored as-is.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the parameter is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

None is stored as-is.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array parameter, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array parameter has variable size.
qualifiers (dict or NocaseDict) –
Qualifier values of the parameter declaration.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.

None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.
value – Deprecated: Because the object represents a parameter declaration, this parameter does not make any sense. Specifying a value other than None will issue a DeprecationWarning.

value¶: Return value attribute (Deprecated).

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMParameter object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMParameter object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMParameter object.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMParameter object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMParameter object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof(indent)[source]¶

Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the parameter definition represented by the CIMParameter object.

Parameters:	indent (integer) – Number of spaces to indent each parameter

3.2.9. CIMQualifier¶

class pywbem.CIMQualifier(name, value, type=None, propagated=None, overridable=None, tosubclass=None, toinstance=None, translatable=None)[source]¶

A CIM qualifier value.

A qualifier represents metadata on a class, method, property, etc., and specifies information such as a documentation string or whether a property is a key.

CIMQualifier objects can be used to represent the qualifier values that are specified on a CIM element (e.g. on a CIM class). In that case, the propagated property is always False, and the effective values of applicable but unspecified qualifiers need to be determined by users, by considering the default value of the corresponding qualifier type, the propagation and override flavors of the qualifier, and the qualifier values that have been specified in the class ancestry of the CIM element in question.

CIMQualifier objects can also be used to represent the effective values of all applicable qualifiers on a CIM element, including those that have not been specified, e.g. in the MOF declaration of the CIM element. In this case, the CIMQualifier objects for qualifier values that are specified in MOF represent the specified values, and their propagated property is False. The CIMQualifier objects for qualifier values that are not specified in MOF represent the effective values, and their propagated property is True.

Whether a set of CIMQualifier objects on a CIM object represents just the specified qualifiers or all applicable qualifiers needs to be known from the context.

CIMQualifier has properties that represent qualifier flavors (tosubclass, toinstance, overridable, and translatable). If any of these flavor properties is not None, the qualifier value represented by the CIMQualifier object implicitly defines a qualifier type. Implicitly defined qualifier types have been deprecated in DSP0004. The implicitly defined qualifier type is conceptual and is not materialized as a CIMQualifierDeclaration object.

Variables:

name (unicode string) –
Name of the qualifier.

This variable will never be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Value of the qualifier.

None means that the value is Null.

For CIM data types string and char16, this attribute will be a unicode string, even when specified as a byte string in the constructor.
type (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the qualifier (e.g. "uint8").

This variable will never be None.
propagated (bool) –
Indicates whether the qualifier value has been propagated from a superclass to this class.

None means that this information is not available.
tosubclass (bool) –
If not None, causes an implicit qualifier type to be defined for this qualifier that has the specified flavor.

If True, specifies the ToSubclass flavor (the qualifier value propagates to subclasses); if False specifies the Restricted flavor (the qualifier values does not propagate to subclasses).

None means that this information is not available.
toinstance (bool) –
If not None, causes an implicit qualifier type to be defined for this qualifier that has the specified flavor.

If True specifies the ToInstance flavor(the qualifier value propagates to instances. If False, specifies that qualifier values do not propagate to instances. There is no flavor corresponding to toinstance=False.

None means that this information is not available.

Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances.
overridable (bool) –
If not None, causes an implicit qualifier type to be defined for this qualifier that has the specified flavor.

If True, specifies the EnableOverride flavor(the qualifier value is overridable in subclasses); if False specifies the DisableOverride flavor(the qualifier value is not overridable in subclasses).

None means that this information is not available.
translatable (bool) –
If not None, causes an implicit qualifier type to be defined for this qualifier that has the specified flavor.

If True, specifies the Translatable flavor (the qualifier is translatable); if False specifies that the qualfier is not translatable. There is no flavor corresponding to translatable=False.

None means that this information is not available.

The constructor infers optional parameters that are not specified (for example, it infers type from the Python type of value and other information). If the specified parameters are inconsistent, an exception is raised. If an optional parameter is needed for some reason, an exception is raised.

Parameters:

name (string) –
Name of the qualifier.

Must not be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Value of the qualifier.

None means that the qualifier is Null.
type (string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the qualifier (e.g. "uint8").

None means that the parameter is unspecified, causing the corresponding attribute to be inferred. An exception is raised if it cannot be inferred.
propagated (bool) –
If not None, specifies whether the qualifier value has been propagated from a superclass to this class.

None means that this information is not available.
overridable (bool) –
If not None, specifies whether the qualifier value is overridable in subclasses.

None means that this information is not available.
tosubclass (bool) –
If not None, specifies whether the qualifier value propagates to subclasses.

None means that this information is not available.
toinstance (bool) –
If not None, specifies whether the qualifier value propagates to instances.

None means that this information is not available.

Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances.
translatable (bool) –
If not None, specifies whether the qualifier is translatable.

None means that this information is not available.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMQualifier object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMQualifier object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy of the CIMQualifier object.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMQualifier object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMQualifier object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof(indent=4)[source]¶

Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the qualifier value represented by the CIMQualifier object.

Parameters:	indent (integer) – Number of spaces to indent the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line result. The first line is not indented.

3.2.10. CIMQualifierDeclaration¶

class pywbem.CIMQualifierDeclaration(name, type, value=None, is_array=False, array_size=None, scopes=None, overridable=None, tosubclass=None, toinstance=None, translatable=None)[source]¶

A CIM qualifier type is the declaration of a qualifier and defines the attributes of qualifier name, qualifier type, value, scopes, and flavors for the qualifier.

The scope of a qualifer determines the kinds of schema elements on which it can be specified.

Value specifies the default value for the qualifier.

Flavors specify certain characteristics of the qualifier such as its value propagation from the ancestry of the qualified element and its translatability.

Flavors attributes must be specifically set on construction of the CIMQualifierDeclaration or they will be set to None. This differs from the DMTF specification DSP0004 where default values are defined as follows:

Has the EnableOverride flavor; overridable = True

Has the ToSubClass flavor; tosubclass = True

Does not have theTranslatable flavor; translatable = False

Does not have ToInstance flavor; toinstance = False. Not defined in DSP0004 and deprecated in the DMTF protocol specification DSP0200

Because None is allowed as a value for the flavors attributes in constructing a CIMQualifierDeclaration, the user must insure that any flavor which has the value None is set to its default value if required for subsequent processing.

The pywbem MOF compiler supplies all of the flavor values so that those which were not specified in the MOF are set to the DMTF defined default values.

Variables:

name (unicode string) –
Name of the qualifier.

This variable will never be None.
type (unicode string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the qualifier (e.g. "uint8").

This variable will never be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Default value of the qualifier.

None means that the value is Null.

For CIM data types string and char16, this attribute will be a unicode string, even when specified as a byte string in the constructor.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the qualifier is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

This variable will never be None.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array qualifier, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array qualifier has variable size, or that it is not an array.
scopes (NocaseDict) –
Scopes of the qualifier.

Each dictionary item specifies one scope value, with:
- key (string): Scope name, in upper case.
- value (bool): Scope value, specifying whether the qualifier has that scope (i.e. can be applied to a CIM element of that kind).
Valid scope names are “CLASS”, “ASSOCIATION”, “REFERENCE”, “PROPERTY”, “METHOD”, “PARAMETER”, “INDICATION”, and “ANY”. None is interpreted as an empty dictionary.

This variable will never be None.
tosubclass (bool) –
If True specifies the ToSubclass flavor(the qualifier value propagates to subclasses); if False specifies the Restricted flavor(the qualifier value does not propagate to subclasses).

None means that this information is not available.
toinstance (bool) –
If True, specifies the ToInstance flavor. This flavor specifies that the qualifier value propagates to instances. If False, specifies that qualifier values do not propagate to instances. There is no flavor corresponding to toinstance=False.

None means that this information is not available.

Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances.
overridable (bool) –
If True, specifies the EnableOverride flavor(the qualifier value is overridable in subclasses); if False specifies the DisableOverride flavor(the qualifier value is not overridable in subclasses).

None means that this information is not available.
translatable (bool) –
If True, specifies the Translatable flavor. This flavor specifies that the qualifier is translatable. If False, specifies that the qualfier is not translatable. There is no flavor corresponding to translatable=False.

None means that this information is not available.

Parameters:

name (string) –
Name of the qualifier.

Must not be None.
type (string) –
Name of the CIM data type of the qualifier (e.g. "uint8").

Must not be None.
value (CIM data type) –
Default value of the qualifier.

None means a default value of Null.
is_array (bool) –
A boolean indicating whether the qualifier is an array (True) or a scalar (False).

Must not be None.
array_size (integer) –
The size of the array qualifier, for fixed-size arrays.

None means that the array qualifier has variable size.
scopes (dict or NocaseDict) –
Scopes of the qualifier.

For details about the dictionary items, see the corresponding attribute.
overridable (bool) –
If not None, defines the flavor that defines whether the qualifier value is overridable in subclasses.

None means that this information is not available.
tosubclass (bool) –
If not None, specifies the flavor that defines whether the qualifier value propagates to subclasses.

None means that this information is not available.
toinstance (bool) –
If not None, specifies the flavor that defines whether the qualifier value propagates to instances.

None means that this information is not available.

Note that DSP0200 has deprecated the presence of qualifier values on CIM instances and this flavor is not defined in DSP0004
translatable (bool) –
If not None, specifies the flavor that defines whether the qualifier is translatable.

None means that this information is not available.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a short string representation of the CIMQualifierDeclaration object for human consumption.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation of the CIMQualifierDeclaration object that is suitable for debugging.

copy()[source]¶: Return a copy the CIMQualifierDeclaration object.

tocimxml()[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMQualifierDeclaration object, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

tocimxmlstr(indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIMQualifierDeclaration object, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

indent (string or integer) –

None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns: The CIM-XML representation of the object, as a unicode string.

tomof()[source]¶: Return a unicode string that is a MOF fragment with the qualifier type represented by the CIMQualifierDeclaration object.

3.2.11. Conversion functions¶

This section describes conversion functions that may be useful for purposes such as debugging.

pywbem.tocimxml(value)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIM object or CIM data type, as an Element object.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:	value (CIM object or CIM data type) – The value.
Returns:	The CIM-XML representation of the specified value, as an instance of an appropriate subclass of Element. The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

pywbem.tocimxmlstr(value, indent=None)[source]¶

Return the CIM-XML representation of the CIM object or CIM data type, as a unicode string.

The returned CIM-XML representation is consistent with DSP0201.

Parameters:

value (CIM object or CIM data type) – The CIM object or CIM data type to be converted to CIM-XML.
indent (string or integer) –
None indicates that a single-line version of the XML should be returned, without any whitespace between the XML elements.

Other values indicate that a prettified, multi-line version of the XML should be returned. A string value specifies the indentation string to be used for each level of nested XML elements. An integer value specifies an indentation string of so many blanks.

Returns:

The CIM-XML representation of the value, as a unicode string.

pywbem.tocimobj(type_, value)[source]¶

Return a CIM object representing the specified value and type.

Parameters:

type_ (string) –
The CIM data type name for the CIM object. See CIM data types for valid type names.

If value is a list, type_ must specify the CIM data type name of an item in the list.
value (CIM data type and some others, see description) –
The value to be represented as a CIM object.

In addition to the Python types listed in CIM data types, the following Python types are supported for this parameter:
- None: The returned object will be None.
- If type_ specifies one of the CIM integer data types:
  - integer
  - string. The string must represent a decimal number
- If type_ specifies the CIM boolean data type:
  - string. The string must be 'true' or 'false' in any lexical case
- If type_ specifies the CIM datetime data type:
  - All input types of CIMDateTime
- If type_ specifies the CIM reference data type:
  - string. The string must be an untyped WBEM URI representing an instance path (see DSP0207)

Returns:

A CIM data type object, representing the specified value and type.

3.3. CIM data types¶

Python classes for representing values of CIM data types, and related conversion functions.

The following table shows how CIM data types are represented in Python. Note that some basic CIM data types are represented with built-in Python types.

CIM data type	Python type
boolean	`bool`
char16	string
string	string
string (EmbeddedInstance)	`CIMInstance`
string (EmbeddedObject)	`CIMInstance` or `CIMClass`
datetime	`CIMDateTime`
reference	`CIMInstanceName`
uint8	`Uint8`
uint16	`Uint16`
uint32	`Uint32`
uint64	`Uint64`
sint8	`Sint8`
sint16	`Sint16`
sint32	`Sint32`
sint64	`Sint64`
real32	`Real32`
real64	`Real64`
[] (array)	`list`

Note that constructors of pywbem classes that take CIM typed values as input may support Python types in addition to those shown above. For example, the CIMProperty class represents property values of CIM datetime type internally as CIMDateTime objects, but its constructor accepts datetime.timedelta objects, datetime.datetime objects, string, in addition to CIMDateTime objects.

class pywbem.CIMType[source]¶

Base type for all CIM data types defined in this package.

cimtype = None¶: The name of the CIM datatype, as a string. See CIM data types for details.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation suitable for debugging.

class pywbem.CIMDateTime(dtarg)[source]¶

A value of CIM data type datetime.

The object represents either a timezone-aware point in time, or a time interval.

Parameters:

dtarg –

The value from which the object is initialized, as one of the following types:

A string object will be interpreted as CIM datetime format (see DSP0004) and will result in a point in time or a time interval.
A datetime.datetime object must be timezone-aware (see MinutesFromUTC) and will result in a point in time.
A datetime.timedelta object will result in a time interval.
Another CIMDateTime object will be copied.

minutes_from_utc¶

The timezone offset of this point in time object as +/- minutes from UTC.

A positive value of the timezone offset indicates minutes east of UTC, and a negative value indicates minutes west of UTC.

0, if this object represents a time interval.

datetime¶

The point in time represented by this object, as a datetime.datetime object.

None if this object represents a time interval.

timedelta¶

The time interval represented by this object, as a datetime.timedelta object.

None if this object represents a point in time.

is_interval¶: A boolean indicating whether this object represents a time interval (True) or a point in time (False).

static get_local_utcoffset()[source]¶

Return the timezone offset of the current local timezone as +/- minutes from UTC.

A positive value indicates minutes east of UTC, and a negative value indicates minutes west of UTC.

classmethod now(tzi=None)[source]¶

Factory method that returns a new CIMDateTime object representing the current date and time.

The optional timezone information is used to convert the CIM datetime value into the desired timezone. That does not change the point in time that is represented by the value, but it changes the value of the hhmmss components of the CIM datetime value to compensate for changes in the timezone offset component.

Parameters:	tzi (`MinutesFromUTC`) – Timezone information. None means that the current local timezone is used.
Returns:	A new `CIMDateTime` object representing the current date and time.

classmethod fromtimestamp(ts, tzi=None)[source]¶

Factory method that returns a new CIMDateTime object from a POSIX timestamp value and optional timezone information.

A POSIX timestamp value is the number of seconds since “the epoch”, i.e. 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. Thus, a POSIX timestamp value is unambiguous w.r.t. the timezone, but it is not timezone-aware.

The optional timezone information is used to convert the CIM datetime value into the desired timezone. That does not change the point in time that is represented by the value, but it changes the value of the hhmmss components of the CIM datetime value to compensate for changes in the timezone offset component.

Parameters:	ts (integer) – POSIX timestamp value. tzi (`MinutesFromUTC`) – Timezone information. None means that the current local timezone is used.
Returns:	A new `CIMDateTime` object representing the specified point in time.

__str__()[source]¶: Return a string representing the object in CIM datetime format.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation suitable for debugging.

class pywbem.MinutesFromUTC(offset)[source]¶

Timezone information (an implementation of datetime.tzinfo) that represents a fixed offset in +/- minutes from UTC and is thus suitable for the CIM datetime data type.

Objects of this class are needed in order to make datetime.datetime objects timezone-aware, in order to be useable as input data to the timezone-aware CIMDateTime type.

They are also used to provide timezone information to now() and fromtimestamp()

Example:

from datetime import datetime
from time import time
import pywbem

# Create a timezone-aware datetime object (for CEDT = UTC+2h), and
# convert that to CIM datetime:

dt = datetime(year=2016, month=3, day=31, hour=19, minute=30,
              second=40, microsecond=654321,
              tzinfo=pywbem.MinutesFromUTC(120))
cim_dt = pywbem.CIMDateTime(dt)

# Convert a POSIX timestamp value to CIM datetime (for EST = UTC-5h):

posix_ts = time()  # seconds since the epoch, not timezone-aware
cim_dt = pywbem.CIMDateTime.fromtimestamp(posix_ts,
                                          pywbem.MinutesFromUTC(-300))

Parameters:

offset (integer) –

Timezone offset to be represented in the CIM datetime value in +/- minutes from UTC.

This is the offset of local time to UTC (including DST offset), where a positive value indicates minutes east of UTC, and a negative value indicates minutes west of UTC.

utcoffset(dt)[source]¶

An implementation of the corresponding base class method (see datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset() for its description), which needs to return the offset of local time to UTC (including DST offset), as a datetime.timedelta object. This method is called by the Python datetime classes, and a pywbem user normally does not have to deal with it.

This implementation returns the offset used to initialize the object, for any specified dt parameter.

dst(dt)[source]¶

An implementation of the corresponding base class method, (see datetime.tzinfo.dst() for its description), which needs to return the offset caused by DST, as a datetime.timedelta object. This method is called by the Python datetime classes, and a pywbem user normally does not have to deal with it.

This implementation returns an offset of 0 (indicating that DST is not in effect), for any specified dt parameter, because CIM datetime values do not represent DST information.

class pywbem.CIMInt[source]¶

Base type for CIM integer data types. Derived from CIMType and int (for Python 3) or long (for Python 2).

This class has a concept of a valid range for the represented integer, based upon the capability of the CIM data type as defined in DSP0004. The additional constraints defined by possible MinValue or MaxValue qualifiers are not taken into account at this level.

The valid value range is enforced when an instance of a subclass of this class (e.g. Uint8) is created. Values outside of the valid range raise a ValueError. The enforcement of the valid value range can be disabled via the configuration variable ENFORCE_INTEGER_RANGE.

Instances of subclasses of this class can be initialized with the usual input arguments supported by integer, for example:

>>> pywbem.Uint8(42)
Uint8(cimtype='uint8', 42)

>>> pywbem.Uint8('42')
Uint8(cimtype='uint8', 42)

>>> pywbem.Uint8('2A', 16)
Uint8(cimtype='uint8', 42)

>>> pywbem.Uint8('100', 16)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  . . .
ValueError: Integer value 256 is out of range for CIM datatype uint8

>>> pywbem.Uint8(100, 10)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  . . .
TypeError: int() can't convert non-string with explicit base

minvalue = None¶: The minimum valid value for the integer, according to the capabilities of its CIM data type. See CIM data types for a list of CIM integer data types.

maxvalue = None¶: The maximum valid value for the integer, according to the capabilities of its CIM data type. See CIM data types for a list of CIM integer data types.

__repr__()[source]¶: Return a string representation suitable for debugging.

class pywbem.Uint8[source]¶

A value of CIM data type uint8. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Sint8[source]¶

A value of CIM data type sint8. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Uint16[source]¶

A value of CIM data type uint16. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Sint16[source]¶

A value of CIM data type sint16. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Uint32[source]¶

A value of CIM data type uint32. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Sint32[source]¶

A value of CIM data type sint32. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Uint64[source]¶

A value of CIM data type uint64. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.Sint64[source]¶

A value of CIM data type sint64. Derived from CIMInt.

For details on CIM integer data types, see CIMInt.

class pywbem.CIMFloat[source]¶: Base type for real (floating point) CIM data types.

class pywbem.Real32[source]¶: A value of CIM data type real32. Derived from CIMFloat.

class pywbem.Real64[source]¶: A value of CIM data type real64. Derived from CIMFloat.

3.4. CIM status codes¶

This section defines constants for two areas:

CIM status codes (the CIM_ERR_* symbols). They are for example stored in CIMError exceptions.
Default CIM namespace DEFAULT_NAMESPACE. It is used as a default for the namespace parameter of WBEMConnection.

Note: For tooling reasons, the constants are shown in the namespace pywbem.cim_constants. However, they are also available in the pywbem namespace and should be used from there.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_FAILED = 1¶: A general error occurred that is not covered by a more specific error code.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_ACCESS_DENIED = 2¶: Access to a CIM resource is not available to the client.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_NAMESPACE = 3¶: The target namespace does not exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_PARAMETER = 4¶: One or more parameter values passed to the method are not valid.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_CLASS = 5¶: The specified class does not exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_NOT_FOUND = 6¶: The requested object cannot be found. The operation can be unsupported on behalf of the WBEM server in general or on behalf of an implementation of a management profile.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED = 7¶: The requested operation is not supported on behalf of the WBEM server, or on behalf of a provided class. If the operation is supported for a provided class but is not supported for particular instances of that class, then CIM_ERR_FAILED shall be used.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_CLASS_HAS_CHILDREN = 8¶: The operation cannot be invoked on this class because it has subclasses.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_CLASS_HAS_INSTANCES = 9¶: The operation cannot be invoked on this class because one or more instances of this class exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_SUPERCLASS = 10¶: The operation cannot be invoked because the specified superclass does not exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_ALREADY_EXISTS = 11¶: The operation cannot be invoked because an object already exists.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_NO_SUCH_PROPERTY = 12¶: The specified property does not exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_TYPE_MISMATCH = 13¶: The value supplied is not compatible with the type.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_QUERY_LANGUAGE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 14¶: The query language is not recognized or supported.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_QUERY = 15¶: The query is not valid for the specified query language.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_METHOD_NOT_AVAILABLE = 16¶: The extrinsic method cannot be invoked.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_METHOD_NOT_FOUND = 17¶: The specified extrinsic method does not exist.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_NAMESPACE_NOT_EMPTY = 20¶: The specified namespace is not empty.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_ENUMERATION_CONTEXT = 21¶: The enumeration identified by the specified context cannot be found, is in a closed state, does not exist, or is otherwise invalid.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_INVALID_OPERATION_TIMEOUT = 22¶: The specified operation timeout is not supported by the WBEM server.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_PULL_HAS_BEEN_ABANDONED = 23¶: The pull operation has been abandoned due to execution of a concurrent CloseEnumeration operation on the same enumeration.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_PULL_CANNOT_BE_ABANDONED = 24¶: The attempt to abandon a concurrent pull operation on the same enumeration failed. The concurrent pull operation proceeds normally.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_FILTERED_ENUMERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 25¶: Using a a filter query in pulled enumerations is not supported by the WBEM server.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_CONTINUATION_ON_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED = 26¶: The WBEM server does not support continuation on error.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_SERVER_LIMITS_EXCEEDED = 27¶: The WBEM server has failed the operation based upon exceeding server limits.

pywbem.cim_constants.CIM_ERR_SERVER_IS_SHUTTING_DOWN = 28¶: The WBEM server is shutting down and cannot process the operation.

pywbem.cim_constants.DEFAULT_NAMESPACE = 'root/cimv2'¶: Default CIM namespace

3.5. Exceptions¶

The following exceptions are pywbem specific exceptions that can be raised at the WBEM client library API.

class pywbem.Error[source]¶: Base class for pywbem specific exceptions.

class pywbem.ConnectionError[source]¶: This exception indicates a problem with the connection to the WBEM server. A retry may or may not succeed. Derived from Error.

class pywbem.AuthError[source]¶: This exception indicates an authentication error with the WBEM server, either during TLS/SSL handshake, or during HTTP-level authentication. Derived from Error.

class pywbem.HTTPError(status, reason, cimerror=None, cimdetails=None)[source]¶

This exception indicates that the WBEM server returned an HTTP response with a bad HTTP status code. Derived from Error.

The args instance variable is a tuple(status, reason, cimerror, cimdetails).

The message instance variable is not set.

Parameters:

status (number) – HTTP status code (e.g. 500).
reason (string) – HTTP reason phrase (e.g. ‘Internal Server Error’).
cimerror (string) – Value of the CIMError header field, if present. None, otherwise.
cimdetails (dict) –
Dictionary with CIMOM-specific header fields with details about the situation reported in the CIMError header field.
- Key: header field name (e.g. PGErrorDetail)
- Value: header field value (i.e. text message)
Passing None will result in an empty dictionary.

status¶

HTTP status code (e.g. 500), as a number.

See RFC2616 for a list of HTTP status codes and reason phrases.

reason¶

HTTP reason phrase (e.g. ‘Internal Server Error’), as a string.

See RFC2616 for a list of HTTP status codes and reason phrases.

cimerror¶

Value of CIMError header field in response, if present, as a string. None, otherwise.

See DSP0200 for a list of values.

cimdetails¶

CIMOM-specific details on the situation reported in the CIMError header field, as a dictionary:

Key: header field name (e.g. PGErrorDetail).
Value: header field value.

class pywbem.TimeoutError[source]¶: This exception indicates that the client timed out waiting for the WBEM server. Derived from Error.

class pywbem.ParseError[source]¶: This exception indicates a parsing error with the CIM-XML response returned by the WBEM server, or in the CIM-XML request sent by the WBEM listener. Derived from Error.

class pywbem.CIMError(status_code, status_description=None)[source]¶

This exception indicates that the WBEM server returned an error response with a CIM status code. Derived from Error.

In Python 2, any Exception object can be accessed by index and slice and will delegate such access to its Exception.args instance variable. In Python 3, that ability has been removed.

In its version 0.9, pywbem has added the status_code and status_description properties.

With all these variations, the following approach for accessesing the CIM status code a CIMError object works for all pywbem versions since 0.7.0 and for Python 2 and 3:

except CIMError as exc:
    status_code = exc.args[0]

The following approach is recommended when using pywbem 0.9 or newer, and it works for Python 2 and 3:

except CIMError as exc:
    status_code = exc.status_code

The following approach is limited to Python 2 and will not work on Python 3, and is therefore not recommended:

except CIMError as exc:
    status_code = exc[0]

Parameters:	status_code (number) – Numeric CIM status code. status_description (string) – CIM status description text returned by the server, representing a human readable message describing the error. None, if the server did not return a description text.
Variables:	args – A tuple(status_code, status_description) set from the corresponding init arguments.

status_code¶

Numeric CIM status code.

See CIM status codes for constants defining the numeric CIM status code values.

status_code_name¶

Symbolic name of the CIM status code.

If the CIM status code is invalid, the string "Invalid status code <code>" is returned.

status_description¶

CIM status description text returned by the server, representing a human readable message describing the error.

If the server did not return a description, a short default text for the CIM status code is returned. If the CIM status code is invalid, the string "Invalid status code <code>" is returned.

Note that args[1] is always the status_description init argument, without defaulting it to a standard text in case of None.

3.6. Security considerations¶

3.6.1. Authentication types¶

Authentication is the act of establishing the identity of a user on the client side to the server, and possibly also of establishing the identity of a server to the client.

There are two levels of authentication in CIM-XML:

TLS/SSL level authentication (only when HTTPS is used):

This kind of authentication is also known as transport level authentication. It is used during the TLS/SSL handshake protocol, before any HTTP requests flow.

In almost all cases (unless an anonymous cipher is used), this involves an X.509 certificate that is presented by the server (therefore called server certificate) and that allows the client to establish the identity of the server.

It optionally involves an X.509 certificate that is presented by the client (therefore called client certificate) and that allows the server to establish the identity of the client or even of the client user, and thus can avoid the use of credentials in the HTTP level authentication.

If a client certificate is used, the authentication scheme at the TLS/SSL level is called 2-way authentication (also known as client authentication or mutual SSL authentication). If a client certificate is not used, the authentication scheme is called 1-way authentication (also known as SSL authentication).

Userid/password credentials do not play any role in TLS/SSL level authentication.
HTTP level authentication:

This kind of authentication is used in HTTP/HTTPS requests and responses (in case of HTTPS, after the TLS/SSL handshake protocol has completed).

In case of Basic Authentication and Digest Authentication (see RFC2617), it involves passing credentials (userid and password) via the Authenticate and WWW-Authenticate HTTP headers. In case of no authentication, credentials are not passed.

A client can either provide the Authenticate header along with a request, hoping that the server supports the authentication scheme that was used.

A client can also omit that header in the request, causing the server to send an error response with a WWW-Authenticate header that tells the client which authentication types are supported by the server (also known as a challenge). The client then repeats the first request with one of the supported authentication types.

HTTP is extensible w.r.t. authentication schemes, and so is CIM-XML. However, pywbem only supports Basic Authentication and no authentication.

X.509 certificates do not play any role in HTTP level authentication.

HTTP/HTTPS knows a third level of authentication by the use of session cookies. CIM-XML does not define how cookies would be used, and pywbem does not deal with cookies in any way (i.e. it does not pass cookies provided in a response into the next request).

The following table shows the possible combinations of protocol, TLS/SSL level and HTTP level authentication schemes, which information items need to be provided to the WBEM client API, and whether the combination is supported by pywbem:

Protocol	SSL auth.	HTTP auth.	Credentials	Client cert.	CA cert.	Supported
HTTP	N/A	None	No	No	No	Yes (1)
HTTP	N/A	Basic	Yes	No	No	Yes (2)
HTTP	N/A	Digest	Yes	No	No	No
HTTPS	1-way	None	No	No	Yes (3)	Yes (1)
HTTPS	1-way	Basic	Yes	No	Yes (3)	Yes
HTTPS	1-way	Digest	Yes	No	Yes (3)	No
HTTPS	2-way	None	No	Yes	Yes (3)	Yes (4)
HTTPS	2-way	Basic	Yes	Yes	Yes (3)	Yes
HTTPS	2-way	Digest	Yes	Yes	Yes (3)	No

Notes:

This option does not allow a server to establish the identity of the user. Its use should be limited to environments where network access is secured.
The use of HTTP Basic Authentication is strongly discouraged, because the password is sent unencrypted over the network.
A CA certificate is needed, unless server certificate verification is disabled via the no_verification parameter (not recommended), or unless an anonymous cipher is used for the server certificate (not recommended).
This is the most desirable option from a security perspective, if the WBEM server is able to establish the user identity based on the client certificate.

The protocol and authentication types that can be used on a connection to a WBEM server are set by the user when creating the WBEMConnection object:

The scheme of the URL in the url parameter controls whether the HTTP or HTTPS protocol is used.
The cred parameter may specify credentials (userid/password). If specified, pywbem uses them for Basic Authentication at the HTTP level. Pywbem provides an Authenticate HTTP header on each request, and also handles server challenges transparently to the user of the WBEM client API, by retrying the original request.
The x509 parameter may specify an X.509 client certificate and key. If specified, pywbem uses 2-way authentication; otherwise it uses 1-way authentication at the TLS/SSL level.
The ca_certs parameter may specify the location of X.509 CA certificates that are used to validate the X.509 server certificate returned by the WBEM server. If not specified, pywbem assumes default locations for these certificates.

It is important to understand which side actually makes decisions about security-related parameters: The client only decides whether HTTP or HTTPS is used, and whether the server certificate is verified. The server decides everything else: Which HTTP authentication scheme is used (None, Basic, Digest), whether an X.509 client certificate is requested from the client and if so, whether it tolerates a client not providing one. In addition, when HTTPS is used, the client proposes cipher suites it supports, and the server picks one of them.

Therefore, the cred and x509 parameters do not control the authentication scheme that is actually used, but merely prepare pywbem to deal with whatever authentication scheme the WBEM server elects to use.

WBEM servers typically support corresponding configuration parameters.

3.6.2. Verification of the X.509 server certificate¶

When using HTTPS, the TLS/SSL handshake protocol requires that the server always returns an X.509 server certificate to the client (unless anonymous ciphers are used, which is not recommended).

Pywbem performs the following verifications on the server certificate returned by the WBEM server:

Validation of the server certificate against the CA certificates specified in the ca_certs parameter. This is done by the TLS/SSL components used by pywbem.
Validation of the server certificate’s expiration date, based on the system clock. This is done by the TLS/SSL components used by pywbem.
Validation of the hostname, by comparing the Subject attribute of the server certificate with the hostname specified in the url parameter. This is done by pywbem itself.
Calling the validation function specified in the verify_callback parameter, if any, and looking at its validation result.

If any of these validations fails, the WBEM operation methods of the WBEMConnection object raise a pywbem.AuthError.

If verification was disabled via the no_verification parameter, none of these validations of the server certificate happens.

3.6.3. Use of X.509 client certificates¶

When using HTTPS, the TLS/SSL handshake protocol provides the option for the client to present an X.509 certificate to the server (therefore called client certificate).

This procedure is initiated by the server, by requesting that the client present a client certificate. If the client does not have one (for example, because the x509 parameter was not specified in pywbem), it must send an empty list of certificates to the server. Depending on the server configuration, the server may or may not accept an empty list. If a client certificate is presented, the server must validate it.

The server can support to accept the user identity specified in the client certificate as the user’s identity, and refrain from sending HTTP challenges that request credentials.

3.6.4. Authentication errors¶

The operation methods of WBEMConnection raise pywbem.AuthError in any of these situations:

When client side verification of the X.509 server certificate fails.
When the WBEM server returns HTTP status 401 “Unauthorized” and the retries in the client are exhausted. The server typically returns that status in any of these situations:
- no authorization information provided by client
- wrong HTTP authentication scheme used by client
- authentication failed
- user is not authorized to access resource

3.6.5. Default CA certificate paths¶

pywbem.cim_http.DEFAULT_CA_CERT_PATHS = ['/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt', '/etc/ssl/certs', '/etc/ssl/certificates']¶: Default directory paths for looking up CA certificates.

3. WBEM client library API¶

3.1. WBEM operations¶

3.1.1. WBEMConnection¶

3.1.2. Operation recording¶

3.2. CIM objects¶

3.2.1. NocaseDict¶

3.2.2. CIMInstanceName¶

3.2.3. CIMInstance¶

3.2.4. CIMClassName¶

3.2.5. CIMClass¶

3.2.6. CIMProperty¶

3.2.7. CIMMethod¶

3.2.8. CIMParameter¶

3.2.9. CIMQualifier¶

3.2.10. CIMQualifierDeclaration¶

3.2.11. Conversion functions¶

3.3. CIM data types¶

3.4. CIM status codes¶

3.5. Exceptions¶

3.6. Security considerations¶

3.6.1. Authentication types¶

3.6.2. Verification of the X.509 server certificate¶

3.6.3. Use of X.509 client certificates¶

3.6.4. Authentication errors¶

3.6.5. Default CA certificate paths¶

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